At 1,670 feet, Taipei 101 is the tallest building in the world (that will change when Burj Dubai opens in December). It was designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and opened in 2004. The total cost for the tower is US$ 1.76 billion. The Tower is located at Xinyi District, Taipei. Linking Taipei’s present and future, TAIPEI 101 Tower’s design is inspired by its cultural environment. Opening new possibilities, it embraces the future and moves forward with the world. The segmented, subtly slanted exterior reduces the effects of wind and emergencies to mega-buildings. 8 floors comprise an independent section, reducing street-level wind caused by high-rises. Plants are laid out to ensure pedestrian safety and comfort. The building is designed to resemble a growing bamboo, a symbol of everlasting strength in Chinese culture.
The Taipei 101 tower comprises 101 stories above ground and five underground. Taipei 101 was the first building in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height and the first record-setting skyscraper constructed in the new millennium. The record it claimed for greatest height from ground to pinnacle now rests with the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (UAE): 828 m (2,717 ft). Taipei 101's records for roof height and highest occupied floor briefly passed to the Shanghai World Financial Center in 2009, which in turn yielded these records as well to the Burj.
Conception
The greatest challenge in designing a statement building is not the construction technology involved, but how the building reflects the culture in which it functions. The spirit of architecture lies in the balance between local culture and internationalism.
Construction
Taipei 101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common in its area of the Asia-Pacific. Planners aimed for a structure that could withstand gale winds of 60 m/s (197 ft/s, 216 km/h, 134 mph) and the strongest earthquakes likely to occur in a 2,500 year cycle.
Skyscrapers must be flexible in strong winds yet remain rigid enough to prevent large sideways movement (lateral drift). Flexibility prevents structural damage while resistance ensures comfort for the occupants and protection of glass, curtain walls and other features. Most designs achieve the necessary strength by enlarging critical structural elements such as bracing. The extraordinary height of Taipei 101 combined with the demands of its environment called for additional innovations. The design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high-performance steel construction. Thirty-six columns support Taipei 101, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000-psi concrete. Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior.
The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles driven 80 m (262 ft) into the ground, extending as far as 30 m (98 ft) into the bedrock. Each pile is 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter and can bear a load of 1,000 metric tons (1,100 short tons) - 1,320 metric tons (1,460 short tons).
Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers along with Evergreen Consulting Engineering designed a 660 metric tons (728 short tons) steel pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million). Suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates, each with a height of 125 mm (4.92 in) being welded together to form a 5.5 m (18 ft) diameter sphere. Another two tuned mass dampers, each weighing 6 metric tons (7 short tons), sit at the tip of the spire. These prevent damage to the structure due to strong wind loads.
Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain walls are double paned and glazed, offer heat and UV protection sufficient to block external heat by 50 percent, and can sustain impacts of 7 metric tons (8 short tons).
Planning for Taipei 101 began in 1997 during Chen Shui-bian's term as Taipei mayor. Talks between merchants and city government officials initially centered on a proposal for a 66-story tower to serve as an anchor for new development in Taipei's 101 business district. By the time the ground-breaking ceremony took place on January 13, 1998 planners were considering taking the new structure to a more ambitious height. Ten months later the city granted a license for the construction of a 101-story tower on the site. Construction proceeded and the first tower column was erected in summer 2000.
Until 2010, the Taipei 101 Tower of Taiwan was the tallest building on Earth. Its height above ground is 509.2 m. This includes the 60 m spire; the building also holds the record for the highest roof (440 m).
The Taipei 101 Tower contains the world's fastest and most comfortable elevators. The building is thrilling to look at, an impressive tribute to steel, glass and incredibly clever engineering. And yet the design clearly reflects the local Chinese culture; for example, there are eight canted sections, eight being the lucky number in Chinese. Each section is embellished with a traditional Chinese symbol of fulfillment, the symbols being large enough to be visible from the ground.
The region where it is built straddles the Pacific Ring of Fire, an arc of fault lines that erupt in earthquakes every decade or so. There are also many typhoons in this region. There are therefore massive support columns and braces in place. Pairs of 2.46 by 3.1 m supercolumns on each face of the building work, together with 16 columns in the core form the vertical support structure.
The massive supporting pillars are made of boxes of 80 mm thick steel-plate, filled with concrete for stiffness. However, only steel is used above the 62nd floor. There are 16 of these giant columns to support the gravity-load. There are many lateral braces and moment-resisting frames around the building perimeter.
Wrapped around the supercolumns is a web of a ductile steel framework designed to bend during an earthquake. The frames support the outward slope of the building, making possible the repeating inverted pyramid shape.
There is a dedicated mechanical floor every eight floors, with massive floor-high steel outrigger trusses. These connect the columns in the core to the supercolumns on the perimeter, effectively widening the building to help it resist overturning.
In addition, the tower is supported by 380 concrete-filled steel piles, sunk into the soil to a depth of 80 m.
Construction type skyscraper
Current status existing [completed]
Structural system core plus outrigger
Structural material composite structure
Facade material glass
Facade system curtain wall
Facade color green
Architectural style oriental revivalism
Official website http://www.taipei-101.com.tw
Characteristics
The tower is designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of fashionable stores, restaurants and clubs. Taipei 101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common in its area of the Asia-Pacific. Planners aimed for a structure that could withstand gale winds of 60 m/s (197 ft/s, 216 km/h, 134 mph) and the strongest earthquakes likely to occur in a 2,500 year cycle. The extraordinary height of Taipei 101 combined with the demands of its environment called for additional innovations. The design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high-performance steel construction. Taipei 101, like all spire structures, participates in the symbolism of a world center where earth and sky meet and the four compass directions join. The height of 101 floors commemorates the renewal of time: the new century that arrived as the tower was built (100+1) and all the new years that follow (January 1 = 1-01). It symbolizes high ideals by going one better on 100, a traditional number of perfection.
Comment
.JPG)
No comments:
Post a Comment